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The Basics of Term Life Insurance
Should you
"buy term and invest the rest," or fuel your life insurance with
"the power of cash value"?
Term life insurance
is often touted for its "pure insurance protection," which includes none of the cash value features
inherent in whole life policies. Term life insurance covers you for a specific
period of time - as short as one year, or as many as 10, 20, or even 30 years.
You
can also buy term insurance that covers you until you reach a certain age,
usually 65 or 70.
Term
insurance policies expire at a set time.
Generally, you
purchase term life insurance if you want to protect your loved ones from
debts. For example, if you and your spouse own a home, and you were to die
tomorrow, your spouse could be stuck paying the mortgage on his or her own. If
you had a term life insurance policy, your spouse could have enough
money from the policy's death benefit to pay off the mortgage.
Term insurance doesn't
just cover specific debts, however. If you have children or if your spouse does
not work, term insurance can protect your family's finances, providing money
for college and living expenses if you die before your children are fully
grown.
Medical exam is usually required for term life insurance
When you apply for
term life insurance coverage, the insurance company will probably require a
medical exam
before
issuing a policy. Some companies require a medical exam for all policies, but
others require the exams only for policies with a substantial face value.
The examination is
basic, covering your height, weight, medical history, and blood and urine
testing. With the blood and urine tests, the insurer looks for specific medical
problems. Positive results could affect your premium, or even your ability to
buy a policy.
Smokers will pay more
for life insurance, although cigar smokers
might
get less expensive premiums than those using cigarettes. If you smoke
marijuana, but not cigarettes, you still must admit to being a smoker on the
policy application. Insurers don't generally differentiate between different
types of smoke inhalation. (Marijuana users must also disclose their drug use.)
As you age, the
likelihood you will die sooner increases. That's why older individuals pay more
for life insurance. Many term life insurance policies give you the option to
renew your coverage at the end of the term without undergoing another medical
exam. You also can lock in low premiums by asking for a "level
premium" policy. That means for a specific time period, say 20 years, your
premium rate stays the same. After that term expires, your rates will increase.
If you have trouble
finding term life insurance because of illness or a troubled medical
history, you can turn to guaranteed issue life insurance coverage, also called
"quick issue" or "simplified issue" insurance. Guaranteed
issue policies require no medical exam, but you pay a higher premium in
exchange for the guaranteed coverage.
That's because the
insurance company takes on more risk in insuring people without knowing their
medical condition. Guaranteed issue policies can require waiting periods before
coverage kicks in, and often require yearly fees. They might be the only option
for some people. A life insurance broker can search the marketplace for a
guaranteed issue policy that meets your needs.
How long a term?
When you are
researching what kind of policy you should buy, your income, short-term and
long-term debts, and financial obligations to your loved ones
are
among the factors to consider.
Figuring out which
term you should buy - 10 years, 20 years, 30 years, or some other number -
requires a major review of your debts, financial needs, dependents' needs, and
when all these might change. One professional suggests you ask yourself,
"When will my dependents reach financial independence?"
Also look at major
debts, such as mortgages or other loans, and at how much money your spouse or
dependents would need in order to pay them off if you die. 
Another pro says it's
a good idea to review your life insurance needs carefully, both when you buy
the policy and on a regular basis throughout your life. "You may not have
the coverage you need. You may have more than you need," Ruch says.
The expert has the
following recommendations for anyone buying life insurance, or anyone who
already has coverage:
·
Schedule a routine
"check-up" with your insurance providers at least once a year. 
·
Shop around for identical
products and services. Not every company charges the same rate.
·
Remember an insurance policy is
a legal document. Read it carefully, and make sure you understand what your
policy states.

Determining the best term
life insurance coverage for your family is an important financial decision,
both now and for the future. " Consumers can save themselves hundreds, and
sometimes thousands, of dollars if they know how to shop wisely for
insurance," says an expert.
"If you are
purely interested in financial protection for your family, that's what term
life insurance is designed for. So when your children are grown, reconsider
your life insurance needs," the expert says. You might still need coverage
if a spouse or other relative depends on you. On the other hand, you might be
able to scale back on the amount of life insurance you own.
"Perhaps you want
to leave assets for your heirs, or for charity, or you need the death benefit
for business planning purposes.
These
are all areas where term life insurance can play a role, but it's really
designed for financial protection," Dolan says. For that reason, after
you've purchased life insurance coverage, you should periodically evaluate
whether your current coverage amount is still right for you.
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Term vs. whole life
insurance: The cash value debate
Variable universal
life insurance (VUL), a form of whole life insurance, is popular
because it offers a pool of money known as cash value that builds up with
interest over time. The interest earned is based on the performance of the
stocks, bonds, and mutual funds in
which you choose to invest the cash value.
Some financial
planners advocate VUL policies because they force you to save money in
the cash value component. Others recommend you buy term insurance for the
cheaper premium, and then invest the money left over in mutual funds or other
investments. VUL also allows you to change your death benefit - and
subsequent premium payments - over time.
Cash value in term
life insurance should not be considered a traditional investment, because any
partial withdrawals or loans will reduce your death benefit. Also, if you
partially withdraw your cash value or take out a loan against it, and the cash
value exceeds the premiums you have paid into the policy, you will face a tax
bill.
In addition, every
year you own the policy, more of your premium goes to pay for the cost of insuring you,
and less goes toward the cash value.
We all should recognize
the importance of term life insurance. After all, we want to make sure that our
loved ones are taken care of when we die. But before you run out and purchase a
policy, do some research ahead of time. That way, you'll be sure to get the
best possible coverage at the right price. Here are some helpful tips to get
you started:
1. Shop around 
2. Never buy more term life insurance coverage than you need
3. The healthier you are, the better the rates 
4. Buy sooner rather than later
5. Realize the importance of periodically reviewing your coverage
6. You don't necessarily have to pay a commission
7. You may be paying more for monthly premium payments
8. Don't rely solely on the life insurance offered by your employer
9. Tell the whole truth and nothing but the truth
10. Buying more is sometimes cheaper
Shop around
When it comes to term life insurance, it pays to shop around because premiums
can vary widely. And thanks to the Internet, it's now easier than ever. Try out
one of the many insurance websites that can provide you with instant quotes.
Make sure the website you shop from takes into consideration the factors in
your medical history that can affect the premiums.
Never buy more
coverage than you need
The key to purchasing the right amount of life insurance is to have just enough
coverage to meet your needs. If you have more life insurance than you need,
you'll be paying unnecessarily for higher premiums. On the other hand, it's
important not to have too little coverage, resulting in you being underinsured.
The healthier you
are, the better the rates
It's true – healthy people get better rates on term life insurance. You
will be asked to pay a higher rate for anything that shortens your life
expectancy (e.g., if you smoke, take medications regularly
,
are overweight, have a bad driving record).
Buy sooner rather
than later
If you've been putting off purchasing term life insurance because you don't
want to pay the premiums, you may be doing yourself a disservice in the long
run. The younger you are when you purchase life insurance, the lower your
premiums will be.
Realize the
importance of periodically reviewing your coverage
Any life change signals the need for a review of your overall financial plan.
When it comes to life insurance coverage, you'll want to make sure that this
major life event (e.g., birth of a child
,
children are grown) won't leave you underinsured or overinsured.
You don't
necessarily have to pay a commission
One of the reasons for higher premiums is that most life insurance policies pay
commissions to the agent/broker. However, you may be able to purchase a no-load
policy through an insurer that sells no-load policies directly to consumers.
You may be paying
more for monthly premium payments
You may not realize it, but you may be paying more for your term life insurance
if you pay your premium in monthly installments. Many term life insurance companies
charge extra fees if you make monthly premium payments instead of paying the
annual premium.
Don't rely solely
on the life insurance offered by your employer
Many employers offer their employees some sort of group life insurance. But
this amount of coverage is usually not enough to adequately meet your life
insurance needs. In addition, group life insurance policies are not portable,
meaning that if you leave your job, you can't take your life insurance coverage
with you.
Tell the whole
truth and nothing but the truth
If you're thinking about lying on your insurance application, think again. If
your insurance company finds out that you lied about a health-related condition
or your lifestyle (e.g., smoking habit), they may be able to terminate your
coverage. 
Buying more is
sometimes cheaper
Life insurance usually costs less per thousand dollars once you get into higher
coverage amounts (e.g., $250,000). If the numbers work out, you may be able to
pay a lower premium while increasing your coverage.
Buying term life
insurance is an easy way to protect your family after you're gone. If you know
what to look for, you can get great coverage at a price you can afford.
Why buy life
insurance?
Topping the list of reasons to buy term life insurance is the financial
protection term life insurance offers. If you're single and just starting out,
you may not need term life insurance. But as you take on more responsibilities
and your family grows
,
your need for term life insurance increases. The proceeds from a term life
insurance policy can replace the income lost to your family upon your death.
You might also want to buy term life insurance to pay off debts and expenses,
leave money to charity, and cover final and estate expenses.
Choose term or cash
value
There are two basic types of life insurance: term life insurance, which
provides life insurance coverage for a specified period of time (the term), and
cash value (permanent) life insurance, which combines a death benefit with a
cash value component. Cash value insurance offers lifetime protection, while
term insurance may be the most affordable option if you're buying life
insurance mainly for the financial protection it offers, and your need for life
insurance is temporary (until your children leave the nest, for instance). Some
term policies (called "convertible") will permit you to exchange the term
life insurance policy for a permanent one at some point.
Decide how much
coverage you'll need
The amount of life insurance protection you should buy depends on how much
income your survivors will need, how much you own and owe, and the amount of
other life insurance available to you. If you're married, both you and your
spouse should consider buying life insurance. One of the easiest ways to
estimate how much life insurance protection
you
should buy is to use a term life insurance needs calculator.
Pick a number
between 1 and 30
Term life insurance is usually offered for periods ranging from 1 to 30 years.
Consider choosing a term that matches your need for life insurance protection.
For instance, if your main reason for buying life insurance is to protect your
7-year-old twins until they're out of college, you'll want to buy a policy with
a term of at least 15 years.
How much will it
cost?
How much you pay for life insurance will depend on a number of risk factors, including
your age, your health, whether you use tobacco,
your
family health history, and the type and amount of life insurance you're buying.
Keep in mind that the premium you're quoted initially will increase later.
For instance, when you
buy term life insurance, rates are guaranteed only until the end of the
term (annually for annual renewable term or at the end of a specified number of
years for level term). While most term life insurance policies can be renewed
at the end of the term, you'll pay a higher premium for coverage.
Shop around
When comparing quotes for life insurance, make sure that the insurance coverage
you're comparing is similar. And remember, any policy that you buy is only as
good as the company that issues it. Find out what rating the company has
received from major ratings services, such as A. M. Best or Standard &
Poor's.

These companies
evaluate an insurer's financial condition and claims-paying ability. The
company giving you a quote should provide you with this information. You can
also contact your state's department of insurance to find out more about an
insurer's record.
Submit an
application
Once you're ready to purchase a life insurance policy, you'll fill out a term
life insurance application that contains questions about your current and past
health history and lifestyle. You'll generally be required to take a medical
exam, arranged and paid for by the insurance company.
The answers you give
on your application,
along
with the results from the medical exam and your past health history, will help
the insurance company determine whether to offer you a policy, and if so, at
what price.
Learn the lingo
Maybe a term life insurance contract isn't as exciting as a best-selling novel,
but read it anyway. Policy provisions, the amount of benefits, the premium, and
other charges you'll pay will be listed along with other important information
such as the beneficiaries you've named and the premium guarantee period.
Make sure you
understand everything in the policy. Under the laws of your state, you may have
a "free look" period (typically at least 10 days) during which time
you can cancel the policy without penalty.
10 WayTechniques s
to Save on Term Life Insurance
Just as there are different
life insurance plans to meet your needs, there are different ways to save money
on life insurance.
The most important is
to shop around. There are hundreds of insurance companies, offering a wide
variety of plans and prices. You could save big bucks, just by doing some
comparison shopping.
Here are 10 more ways
you can save money on your next life insurance purchase:
Consider term
insurance
Some financial
planners advocate life insurance policies with cash value components because
they force you to save money. Others recommend you buy term insurance for the
cheaper premium, and then invest the money left over in mutual funds or other
investments.
The Texas Department
of Insurance claims for those who want to save money, or who cannot afford the
larger premiums for whole life policies, term insurance is a good option:
"Term life insurance usually gives you the most coverage for the least
cost."
If you choose to buy a
whole life policy, there are also ways to save money. "You may save money,
particularly in the purchase of cash value policies, by buying a policy with
low administrative fees," the Texas Department of Insurance advises.
"A small number
of companies sell these 'low load' policies by mail or telephone. Financial
planners, licensed as insurance counselors, also may sell low load policies.
Generally, these planners charge service fees
and
do not receive commissions. Since the initial fees are low, they reduce your
risk of losing money if you cash out early."
Cash value in life
insurance should not be considered a traditional investment, because any
partial withdrawals or loans will reduce your death benefit. Also, if you
partially withdraw or take out a loan against your cash value, and the cash
value exceeds the premiums you have paid into the policy, you will be hit with
a tax bill.
In addition, every
year you own the policy, more of your premium money goes to pay for the cost of
insuring you, and less of it goes toward the cash value.
Furthermore, the
difference in price is not just a matter of a few dollars per year. According
to one expert, the annual premiums for a universal or whole life insurance
policy could be eight or nine times more than a term life insurance
policy with the same death benefit.
Seek out
no-commission term life insurance policies
"No-load"
or, more appropriately, "low-load" life insurance policies have fewer
expenses built into them, such as agent commissions and fees for marketing,
than more traditional life insurance policies. This can mean lower premiums.
For variable life insurance, these lower expenses mean a higher percentage of
your premium goes to work for you right away, allowing you to build your cash
value faster.
No-load policies can
be purchased through financial advisors, who charge "flat fees"
rather than collect commissions from insurance companies. Several companies
also sell "no-load" or "low-load" policies directly to
customers.
Don't buy a
guaranteed issue policy if you are healthy
"Guaranteed
issue" term life insurance policies, also called "simplified
issue" or "quick issue" policies, require no medical exam and
are sold to anyone who comes along. For this reason, guaranteed issue policies
are riskier for the insurer than policies that require medical exams
,
and are thus more expensive than regular term insurance policies. While these
policies can be a great way for people who have medical problems to obtain life
insurance, if you're healthy, you'll get better rates by taking the tests.
The high premiums,
combined with a low face amount for the death benefit, can make guaranteed
issue life insurance a less desirable option. For some of these policies, you
could end up paying more in premiums after only a few years than your
beneficiaries will ever receive from the term life insurance company.
The problem of
consumers paying more in premiums than their beneficiaries will receive in
death
benefits
has drawn the attention of state insurance regulators. The National Association
of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) has established a working group to consider
what, if any, actions it should take.
Although critics have
questioned the ethics of selling insurance products that might perform worse
than a savings account, no insurance companies seem to be making excessive
profits on these policies, according to Ernst Csiszar, the director of the
South Carolina Department of Insurance and the chairman of the NAIC working
group on small face value life insurance.
"We are
developing a disclosure statement that would warn consumers of the possibility
that they might pay more in premiums than the face value of the policy,"
says Csiszar. "Anything more than that would potentially be a form of rate
regulation, and the consensus of the NAIC is that we are simply not prepared to
regulate the rates of life insurance."
Shop online first
While not all online
life insurance quoting services will give you the best quote available for term
life insurance, they can still be a useful source of information about
prices. Just remember, the more personal information you give, the more
accurate your online quote will be, but "the lowest quote" should
still only be used as a baseline for shopping around.
Improve your health
Having health problems
can make it hard for you to buy life insurance. High blood pressure
,
diabetes, and heart disease are among the conditions that can make life
insurance companies reluctant to sell you a policy.
Life insurance
companies want their policyholders to be in good health at the time of
purchase. You're rewarded with lower premiums if you're in excellent health,
because it reduces your chances of dying sooner. One expert says many companies
are dividing up their non-smoker rating classes into as many as five different
categories based on many different types and combinations of medical
conditions.
Then there are rates
for smokers. Research shows smokers pay nearly three times the premium of
non-smokers, and you can't quit the day before you apply. According to the
professionals, no company will offer you a non-smoker rate if you've quit
for less than a year. For many companies, the minimum "nicotine free"
period is two years for a non-smoker rate. Some companies will consider you
a
smoker
as many as five years after your last cigarette.
If you smoke marijuana
,
pipes or cigars, but not cigarettes, you still must admit to being a smoker on
the policy application, although insurers don't generally differentiate between
different types of smoke inhalation. (Marijuana users must also disclose their
drug use.)
Insurance companies
use urine tests to check for the presence of nicotine. If you chew tobacco, you
might end up with smoker rates on your life insurance policy.
If you're healthy but
somewhat overweight, you still might have a hard time buying life insurance.
Even if you're not obese
v ,
there are some cases where you'll have to pay more for life insurance if your
weight reaches a certain level. In most instances, the heavier you are, the
more you'll pay.
If you have a
pre-existing medical condition that could lead to higher rates, by showing your
insurer a history of improving your health, taking your medications regularly,
and acting responsibly about your health, you'll make your underwriters happier
and probably get yourself lower life insurance premiums.
Don't buy more, or
less, than you need
Many experts say the
best way to determine the amount of life insurance you need is a needs
analysis. It's a basic formula: short-term needs + long-term needs - resources
= how much life insurance you need. A term life insurance expert in Denver
says this method is "probably the most accurate approach in what is an
inaccurate and imprecise science."
Experts advise you do
an analysis at least once every three years, or whenever you have a major life
change. For example, if you have a new baby, you have to recalculate college
education
needs
and child-care costs. If you own a home, a mortgage is likely your biggest
financial burden. Because your mortgage balance decreases with each payment,
it's important to include those revised figures in your calculations.
If you need more
life insurance, get a rider as opposed to a new policy
Just because your
needs change doesn't mean you should run out and buy a new life insurance
policy. In many cases a rider - an amendment to an insurance policy - can let
you expand your coverage without sacrificing your built-up cash value. At the
same time, be sure to shop around. If you're still in good health you might be
able to get a better deal by buying a second policy to supplement your original
one.
Buy as soon as the
need exists
An advantage to buying
life insurance earlier in life is your premiums will be lower. As you age, life
insurance gets more expensive. Many term policies give you the option to renew
your coverage at the end of the term without undergoing another medical exam.
You also can lock in low premiums by asking for a "level premium"
policy, which means for a specific time period, say 20 years, your premium rate
stays the same. After that term expires, your rates will increase.
If you don't have any
dependents, your money might be better spent elsewhere.
Check your cr
report before you apply
Just as you should
check your credit rating before applying for a loan, you should have a look at
your credit report before purchasing a life insurance policy.
If there are problems
with your credit
, you
could be denied coverage or be placed in a higher risk class because insurance
companies will be concerned you would let the policy lapse due to non-payment
of premiums. If this happens in the first few years a life insurance policy is
in effect, the insurer stands to lose a lot of money because of the high
up-front commissions they pay to agents.
According to another term
life insurance expert, some general agents, who supervise insurance agents, can
earn as much as a 90 percent commission on the premiums you pay on a life
insurance policy for the first year. That number can soar to more than 100
percent due to the bonuses typically used by life insurance companies as sales
incentives.
Fractional premiums
Once you've found the
best insurance policy for your specific needs, find out if you can save money
by the way you're billed. Some insurers charge you less if you pay annually,
and more if you pay monthly.
In general, the fewer
payments you make over the course of the year (known as fractional premiums),
the less you'll pay overall. Also, some insurers charge less if they can deduct
the premiums directly from your checking account.
Saving money after
you've bought a life insurance policy
Just because you've
been put in a relatively expensive rate class by your life insurance policy
doesn't mean you're out of luck.
According to another term
life insurance expert, if you see your doctor regularly
and
establish a record of being a "responsible patient," there's a pretty
good chance you can improve your insurance rates.
"If you have a rate-able
impairment, ask your insurance company if you can apply for a rate
reconsideration in a year or two," says the expert. If you've established
a history of lowering your blood pressure, cholesterol, or any of the other
controllable rate increasing factors, many insurance companies will be willing
to lower your premiums, says the professional.
Buying term and
investing the difference is a
concept involving term life insurance and investment strategies that
provide individuals an alternative to permanent life insurance. Generally
speaking term insurance premiums are considerably less expensive in the short
term than permanent life insurance for an individual for the same benefit
amount.
Permanent programs are
more expensive because they typically combine some form of
cash
accumulation with the insurance program as a single package. Consumers making
use of the "buy term invest the difference" concept, separate their
investments from their insurance by setting aside money every month equal to
the premium that a permanent plan would require, then use a portion of this
money for the term premium and place the rest in a tax-deferred investment
vehicle.
Cases for and against implementing the strategy
The advantages of this
strategy, if implemented correctly, are obviation of insurance, immediate
accumulation of investment moneys, more investment options that allow for
similar tax advantages, and return of cash accumulation. Other advantages
include elimination of loans and stability in the death benefit.
Obviate the need for permanent insurance
Pros
This viewpoint assumes
consumers believe that they can self insure and will eventually be able to
eliminate the need for permanent insurance. They believe the responsibilities
for which they purchase life insurance are temporary in nature (paying off
mortgage and/or debts, provide education for dependants and create cash
reserves to replace the income of the breadwinner.)
In the event of the
insured's death
,
many or all of these responsibilities can be resolved using the proceeds from
the policy or policies. When the consumer has cash reserves large enough, they
consider themselves to be "self insured". Insurance terms may be a
number of years in length (1, 5, 10, 20 years or more) which, in theory, should
provide enough time for the insured to invest and eliminate these
responsibilities.
In the event these
responsibilities are not eliminated at the end of the term, many insurers will
allow the insured to renew their current policy (guaranteed renewal) or
purchase a new policy (conversion) without being subject to the same medical
and financial qualifications as a new applicant.
Cons
First of all,
"Self Insure" is a misnomer, since a financial loss is not
indemnified. Anyone adopting this strategy is simply retaining the risk
and, ultimately, would be willing to accept a loss. For example, someone with a
home worth $500,000 who has $1 Million in cash could (theoretically) cancel
their fire insurance and self insure. If their house burns down, they have
enough money to buy or build another.
They will still suffer
a cash loss, however, since they have chosen to retain their own risk. If, on
the other hand, they never have a claim that would have been settled by
property insurance, they have saved the premiums they would have paid,
along with the earnings on those premiums. In this case, it can be proven that
they came out ahead by not buying insurance.
The
risk they retained, however, was enormous.
Those who believe in
buying Term Insurance and investing the difference in premium between a Term
and Permanent policy must intend to obviate their need for life insurance,
since the Term policy will eventually expire or become too expensive. If they
are not disciplined enough to invest, pay off their debts, or assist their
dependents
in
becoming independent, they still have a need for insurance. For individuals
with additional responsibilities or an indefinite responsibility, this strategy
would not be beneficial.
Term and Permanent
Insurance both exist because a need for both exists. When selecting the
proper type of insurance, it is necessary to take into account needs, wants,
goals and means. Some people may have a permanent need for life insurance,
especially when it comes to paying estate taxes. For those with substantial
estates, the survivors may have to give up cash or sell off assets to pay the
government.
Life Insurance
provides a very efficient way to pay estate taxes, especially with policies
that pay out (at death
) the
initial amount of insurance and return all premiums paid as well. Most
proponents of Term + Investment are using this strategy to build up a large
estate, but do not protect it for the next generation. It can be agreed that
this is not necessarily a "need" but a "want."
However, a want is
nonetheless a legitimate concern, since someone who builds an estate has the
right to see it preserved if they see fit.
Immediate accumulation of investment money
Pros
Permanent or whole
life insurance (life insurance that typically provides a death benefit for the
lifetime of an insured person up to age 100) policies usually direct a
portion of the premium payment to a sub-account within the policy, called cash
value and the other portion to insurance.
There are many
different permanent life insurance products available with a range of options
involving the cash value of the policy, including the ability to withdraw the
cash value, borrow against it, and to allow it to be drawn on to pay the
insurance portion without additional premium payments.
Ultimately, most
permanent life insurance policies are combination of term insurance with a
savings vehicle. Insurers may break down a policy into 2 components, the term
insurance portion (the net amount at risk) and the cash value (the guaranteed
amount).
The
cash value in the sub-account can accumulate over the life of the policy depending
on the policy, however it is not always available for the first several years
of the program.
Universal and Variable
or Variable Universal policies typically have immediate accumulation in the
sub-account, but are typically not available for loans and are most often
subject to a surrender charges for the first several years of the program (in
the case of plans paying a premium close to the minimum, this is frequently in
excess of the accumulation).
With the concept of
buying term instead of permanent insurance, more investments vehicles are
available, all of which are independent of the insurance program and remain in
control of the insured if the insurance portion is canceled.
Cons
The con again is this
approach requires discipline. As with budgeting, many consumers who reduce
expenditures fail to invest the money saved, and simply allow it to be
reabsorbed to become part of their monthly spending. An example is somone who
quits smoking
thinking
of all the money they'll save. looking at things a few years later, it is a
rare occurrence for anyone to actually have a large amount of money in their
special "non-smoking" investment account.
Investment options
Pros
This practice leaves
the insured open to utilize whatever investment options they see fit. However,
to take full advantage of the tax benefits of permanent programs they should
first be understood. Life insurance death benefits are never taxable, and cash
value growth on permanent plans are tax-deferred as long as the policy is in
force.
If the policy is
canceled (because the need for insurance is obviated) any accumulation in
excess of Adjusted Cost Base (ACB) will be taxable. It is often thought that
the only way to avoid these taxes is for the insured to die while the policy is
in force (essentially making these monies unavailable to them).
Depending on how the
insured structures themselves premiums may be paid with pretax dollars (as a
business obligation in a corporation for example), but are most often paid with
after tax money. Variable plans provide the insured the opportunity to choose
the investments, though the investment vehicle is still within the life
insurance plan.
To
attain similar tax advantages, the insured may make investments through a tax
deferred vehicles, such as an annuity, variable annuity, IRA, Roth IRA or even 529.
Monies
applied to a traditional IRA are pretax dollars while those applied to a Roth
IRA are after tax. Both investment vehicles grow tax-deferred, similar
to cash accumulation; however money withdrawn from a Roth are not taxed. 529s
are educational accounts, and annuities are another form of life insurance
account. (see http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p590.pdf
http://www.irs.gov/retirement/article/0,,id=136868,00.html)
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Some words on this
page are commonly misspelled: insurnace nisurance onsurance. unsurance
knsurance. imsurance ihsurance ibsurance ineurance inaurance indurance
inwurance insirance insyrance insjrance insueance insutance insugance
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|
Each program has
provisions for accessing monies invested early as does permanent insurance;
however the insurance death benefit is not impacted by accessing it.
Cons
Again this requires
the implementer to research investments and how to best take advantage of them.
Return of Cash Accumulation
Pros
Proponents of BTAID
(Buy Term And Invest the Difference) indicate the greatest advantage of this
concept is the return of cash accumulation. Many permanent policies can be
thought of as "cash surrender " life insurance, due to the fact that
the cash accumulation may be used to pay a portion of the death benefit (this
may vary per program see below).
Each permanent program
handles treatment of the cash value differently, but in the end the cash
accumulation is always surrendered, even in return of premium policies or
universal life plans that elect to pay the cash value option as well as the
death benefit.
To illustrate this,
consumers may review the loan provisions on their policy. The cash
accumulation
could be drawn out of a permanent program as a loan, to be paid back with
interest to the program. However, in the event of the insured's death, the
death benefit is reduced by the amount of the loan. If the policy is cancelled,
the loan is deducted from the cash value and the net paid to the insured.
To contrast this with
the BTAID strategy, the accumulation is in a separate investment owned by the
insured. In the event the insured dies while the insurance policy is in force,
the beneficiary of the investment receives the investment as well as the death
benefit of insurance policy. There may or may not be tax due on the investment
account depending on whether the investments are in a gain or loss position.
If the insured dies
when the policy is no longer in force, the beneficiary of the investment
receives the value of the investment account, again after any applicable taxes,
but no benefit from the insurance policy.
Some permanent
insurance contracts offer "Plus Fund" or "Return of
Premiums" as options for receiving the death benefit. In these plans, the
initial amount is paid out, plus the cash accumulation or all premiums paid. In
these programs where the cash accumulation is paid out, the insurance company,
in essence, creates an additional policy. Premiums are generally higher for
these types of policies, so consumers who are considering the BTAID strategy
should take this into account as well when calculating
the
opportunity cost.
Cons
Most tax-favoured
investment vehicles have a cap as to the contributions that can be made on an
annual basis. Individuals in some jurisdictions, though, may have maximized all
available programs that can provide tax deferral or tax relief. Overfunding A
Universal Life policy may provide an additional shelter. The proceeds may be
passed on to their survivors and are also resistant to penalties brought from
lawsuits. This has sometimes been criticized, since the insured person must die
in order to pass on the savings with no tax consequences.
In recent years,
however, strategies have evolved to increase the attractiveness of using a life
insurance policy for investment. The IRP or "Insured Retirement Plan"
is a program where a life insurance policy is overfunded for several years.
When the cash value is to be accessed, the policyholder may assign the policy
to a lending institution in exchange for a loan or line of credit.
The plan is monitored
so that the loan principal and interest accumulation can never exceed the
proceeds payable on death of the insured. Upon death, the loan is repaid and
the remainder can still be paid out tax-free to the beneficiary or the estate
of the insured. This means that an insurance policy can be used to tax shelter
money.
Even this has a limit, though, since there will be a maximum annual
contribution to the policy based on the age of the insured and the face amount.
The IRP, also known as
"Life Insurance Leveraging" is a sophisticated strategy, used with
paid-up policies that have large face amounts and large amounts of cash within
them. The plans need to monitored carefully, but many financial institutions
now have agreements with insurance companies to provide administration of such
plans.
Other
Because of the
increased premium at attained (then current) age, additional consideration
should be given renewal or conversion of term insurance at the end of the
original term. Also, purchasing annual renewable term insurance can add
complexity to long-term investment strategies because premiums increase as the
insured ages.
The basic forms of
permanent insurance include:
·
Simple whole life insurance is
essentially decreasing benefit term insurance, as the net amount at risk
decreases at the same rate as cash value accumulates. Eventually, the cash
value equals the benefit amount.
·
Universal life insurance is a
form of whole life insurance in which, at a certain point, the cash value may
be used to pay premiums and keep the policy active, or in force.
·
Variable life insurance and variable
universal life insurance are permanent insurances in which some or all of the
cash value in the sub-account may be invested in mutual funds, money markets,
bonds, cash or other investment strategies.
Universal Life
policies can now be structured with several different death benefit options
such as:
Level Death Benefit - Where the face amount never changes regardless of
cash accumulation within the plan
Indexed Death
Benefit - Where the death benefit
rises by a specific percentage each year (limits apply)
Level + Fund - Where the payout on death consists of the initial
amount plus the cash or fund value
Level + ROP -
Where the payout on death consists of the initial amount plus the return of all
premiums paid
Term life insurance is the original
Term life insurance is
the original type of life insurance and is thought to be pure insurance
protection because it builds no cash value. This is in contrast to permanent
life insurance like whole life, universal life, and variable universal life.
Term life insurance is
temporary
,
as it covers only a specific period of time, the relevant term. If the insured
dies during the term, the death benefit will be paid to the beneficiary.
Because the term expires the insurer often does not have to pay out making term
insurance the most inexpensive way to purchase a substantial death benefit on a
coverage per premium dollar basis.
Usage
Because term life insurance
is temporary in nature its primary use is generally to provide for covering
temporary financial responsibilities of the insured. Such responsibilities may
include but are not limited to consumer debt, dependent care, college education
for dependents, and mortgages.
Annual renewable
term
The simplest form of term
life insurance is for a term of one year. The death benefit would be paid
by the insurance company if the insured died during the one year term, while no
benefit is paid if the insured dies one day after the last day of the one year
term
.
The premium paid is then just the expected probability of the insured dying in
that one year plus a cost and profit component for the insurer.
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Some words on this
page are commonly misspelled: meical meidcal merical
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Since the likelihood
of dying in the next year is low for anyone that the insurer would accept for
the coverage, purchasing one year of coverage is not generally done, nor cost
effective. The main problem with this type of coverage is that the insured
could acquire a terminal illness within the year, but not die until after the term
expires.
Because of the
terminal illness, the purchaser would likely be uninsurable after the
expiration of the initial term, and would be unable to purchase a new policy. A
variant that is commonly purchased is annual renewable term (ART). In
this form, the premium is paid for one year of coverage, but the policy is
guaranteed to be able to be continued each year for a given period of years.
This period varies
from 10 to 30 years, or occasionally until age 95
. As
the insured ages the premiums increase accordingly and later becomes
financially unviable as the rates for a policy would eventually approach the
face amount. In this form the premium is slightly higher than for a single
year's coverage, but is much more likely for the insured to have the benefit
paid.
Level term life
insurance
Much more common than
annual renewable term insurance is insurance where the premium is the same for
a given period of years. The most common periods being 10, 15, 20, and 30
years. In this form, the premium paid each year is the same, and is the cost of
each year's annual renewable term rates averaged over the term, with a time
value of money adjustment made by the insurer. Thus the longer the term
the premium is level for, the higher the premium, because the older, more expensive to insure years
are averaged into the premium.
Most level term life
insurance programs include a renewal option and allow the insured to renew for
a maximum guaranteed rate if the insured period needs to be extended. This
would be used if the health of the insured deteriorates significantly during
the term.
Payout
likelihood and Cost Difference for Term Life Insurance
Both Term life insurance
and Permanent insurance use the exact same mortality tables for calculating the
cost of insurance, and a death benefit which is income tax free, as long as the
policy is in force and premiums are current, however the premiums are
substantially different.
The reason the costs
are substantially different is that Term life insurance programs potentially
expire without paying out, while permanent programs must always pay out. Insurance
industry studies show that it is very unlikely that the death benefit will
ever be paid on an affordable term insurance policy. One study placed
the percentage as low as 1% of affordable term policies paying a benefit.
The low payout likelihood
allows Term insurance to be relatively inexpensive.
The low payout percentage is a combination of there
being a low likelihood (in the aggregate) of a random, healthy person dying
within a short period of time. Because of this low likelihood of an insurer
having to pay a death benefit, term insurance is by far the most cost effective
way and affordable to purchase a death benefit on a coverage per premium dollar
basis.
Permanent life
insurance offers coverage for the entire life of the insured and therefore must
pay a death benefit on the death of the insured, or when the insured reaches
statistical age of mortality (when the company closes the policy and pays), as
long as premiums are current or there is enough cash value to cover the
premiums in some cases.
This high payout likelihood,
though, increases the rate per premium dollar substantially, up to 10 fold.
Permanent coverage allows certain tax incentives, including tax deferred growth
of cash value. This tax deferred growth is effective as a tax shield
but can not be realized unless it is paid out as a
death benefit when the insured dies. If the policy is canceled any cash value
growth above premium payments is taxable.
Conversion
privileges
Some people may need
to take advantage of the benefits offered by affordable permanent programs,
but may not be able to attain the proper coverage or higher premiums, many
term policies offer a conversion privilege for a certain period of years,
allowing the insured to convert to a permanent policy regardless of health
condition at the time of conversion.
In this way a person
can obtain the necessary coverage for a young family, for instance by purchasing
the affordable, inexpensive term insurance, but be able to utilize the benefits
of a permanent policy as cash flows increase or as coverage needs decrease.
Conversion generally
allows the policy holder to convert a term program to a permanent program with
an equal or lesser death benefit without proof of insurability.
Brief term life insurance
explanation. Life insurance companies offer two basic types of policies...term
life insurance and permanent life insurance. By far the simplest in structure
are the term life policies. They are also favored by most people today because
of cost. They are affordable, less expensive than permanent policies.
That results with you
being able to buy more life insurance for your dollar
.
That makes sense since life insurance was designed to protect your loved ones
in the event of your death. Let us therefore look at detailed term life
insurance explanations. How do these policies work?
Term life insurance
provides death benefit protection for specified periods of time. The periods
range from 1 year to 25 or 30 years and some even up to age 65, age 80 or age
90.
Some words on this
page are commonly misspelled: abe, aeg, afe, agd, agf, agr., ags, agw, ahe,
ate, ave, aye, gae, qge, sge, wge, yge, zge. abe, aeg, afe, agd, agf, agr,
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1 Year Term
The one year term policy
is more popularly known as the yearly renewable term life insurance policy
or the annual renewable term term life insurance policy. As the name implies
it provides a death benefit for a very inexpensive level premium for one year.
The reason it is thought of as a one year term policy is that even though
you can renew it there is a premium rate increase each tear if you choose
to do so. For the first 5 years or so, even with the rate increase, the quoted
premiums are still quite inexpensive. After that period it can get quite expensive.
Upon your death
the
full face amount will be paid to your loved ones, regardless of how you die
other than by suicide. If you should commit suicide within a certain number of
years, usually 2 years, from the date you purchased the policy the death
benefit will be limited to the premiums paid. If you committed suicide after
that 2 year contestable period the full face amount of the policy will be paid.
If you get a quote and
buy any these policies you have the option of converting to a permanent life
insurance policy within specified periods of time.
5 Year Term
Now let us look at a
5 year term life insurance explanation. The 5 year term life insurance
policy is considered by this author to be a better deal than the one year
term policy even though it costs a little more in premiums, according to quotations.
The reason for this conclusion
is that the quotes and premiums remain level for the entire 5 year period.
This policy has a level death benefit as well which is paid upon the death
of the insured. This type of insurance can be purchased as a separate policy
but some companies also sell it as a rider to a permanent policy.
10 Year Term life insurance
Another participant
among inexpensive short term policies is the 10 year term policy. Let us
examine a 10 year term life insurance explanation. This policy is very
similar to the 5 year level term policy but the premiums are a little more
costly. You can keep this policy up to 10 years and the death benefit is paid
to your loved ones
in
the event of your death.
15 Year, 20 Year,
25 Year And 30 Year Term life
insurance.
The main difference between
the two policies described above and 15 year, 20 year, 25 year and 30 year
term life insurance policies is that these policies can be kept for longer
periods of time. The face amounts, quotes, and premiums are level throughout
with these policies.
In some companies,
however, the premiums of the 20 year term life insurance, the 25 year term life
insurance and the 30 year term life insurance policies increase every 5 years.
The first increase sometimes kick in after 5 years but in some cases the first
increase occurs in 10 years.
Riders
Since I am giving you
a term life insurance explanation I perhaps would be very remiss if I
didn't mention riders
that
can be added to your policy.
Most life insurance life
insurance companies allow you to add a waiver of premium rider to most any
policy which says that if you should become disabled for usually a minimum of 6
months the life insurance company will step in and waive your premiums for as
long as you are disabled even if it is for the rest of your life.
The accidental death
benefit rider provides that if you should die in an accident the life insurance
company will pay your beneficiaries twice the basic death benefit. If you
therefore have a policy for $100,000 the life insurance company will pay
$200,000...double indemnity.
I sincerely hope this
brief term life insurance explanation will help you make a decision
whether or not this type of life insurance would fit your needs.
Term Life
Insurance: Money Saving Tips
Life insurance, specifically
Term Life, is arguably one of the best values in the entire financial services
arena. Where else can you go and get hundreds of thousands of dollars in protection
for literally pennies
per day? Rates for term life insurance insurance remain
at all-time lows, and now is the time to lock in the best prices. This article
discusses some ways to help you save money when purchasing life insurance.
Buy when you’re young. Many people may feel they don’t
need life insurance when they are young. While your financial needs may be
lower at a younger age, the rates are also substantially cheaper when you’re
young. Remember, the goal is to cover your primary assets (like your salary
and house) so that if something were to happen to you, your beneficiaries
would be able to persevere financially. The best advice is to get a quote
and lock in as much protection at a young age while your health and prices
are still good.
Your “half” birthday could be costly. While some companies
raise their prices based on your actual age, most companies increase the price
of their policies six months before your birthday. It’s a term
called “Age Nearest” in the industry, and that half-year price
increase could really add up over a 20-year term policy. As above, the quicker
you purchase your policy the better.
Buy before any major health issues arise. Healthy people have the best
mortality risks and thus are much cheaper for companies to insure. This translates
into lower quotation rates for the “Super Preferred” customer
than someone with higher risk factors such as a heart condition, cancer or
diabetes. Conversely, if you were unhealthy when you acquired your policy,
and your health has now improved, it might be time to shop for a new policy,
as your rates are likely to be lower.
Check for price breaks. Companies often offer “price breaks”
at certain coverage amounts (e.g., $250,000 vs. $225,000). The truth is that
many people can actually pay less money for more coverage. Check how little
your prices increase when you increase coverage to $250,000, $500,000, or
$1,000,000.
Buy the right amount
of coverage. Many agents
may
try to sell you more coverage than you need. The purpose of life insurance is
to “indemnify” (replace financial loss), and what most people
should be looking for is income replacement for their beneficiaries.
Independent financial planners recommend the following rule of thumb: purchase
an amount of coverage equal to 6-10 times your annual gross income.
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|
The right hobby with
the wrong company could cost you. People who participate in high-risk sports
or activities (such as hang-gliding, skydiving, mountain climbing, scuba diving,
and racing), or even those who like to have an occasional cigar could very
well pay more money if they don’t pick the right company. Every company
looks at risk factors differently and some are more liberal in certain areas
than others. Speak with a licensed insurance expert and make sure they have
all the underwriting criteria at their disposal and match you with the right
company.
Work policies aren’t
always the best deal. While purchasing a life insurance policy through your
employer is convenient, it may not be the best deal available to you, according
to quotations. Work policies are often based on a composite profile of the
employees you work with, many of whom may be less healthy than you, or have
other underwriting factors that might drive up rates.
These type of policies
also expire if/when you leave the company
.
Inexpensive term life insurance polices that cover your dependents until
they can live comfortably on their own are often a better alternative.
Check out your
payment/billing options. Many life insurance companies offer discounts to
consumers who pay their premiums annually, or who pay monthly by electronic
funds transfer (EFT).
Review your policy
often. Do a review of your life insurance policy a minimum of every three
years, if not more often. Rates may be lower, and your circumstances may have
changed, necessitating more or less protection. If you are replacing a policy,
make sure you allow enough time to get your new policy in place so coverages
won’t overlap or lapse.
Don’t overspend
on protection. Term life insurance is the most affordable and cost-effective
pure protection available, and it is typically much less
FACT SHEET:
Here are tips for consumers
who are in the market for a quote on life insurance or an annuity:
Know what you need:
The classic and best reason for an individual to buy term life insurance is for
protection against dying too soon. The person buying life insurance should be
primarily concerned with seeing that his or her survivors do not face a
financial handicap. There may be other reasons that apply: Life insurance is
also purchased to pay estate taxes.
Business relationships
often require life insurance or can benefit from it,
for example. Annuities offer a secure way for consumers to make sure they
don't outlive their money. Beware of anyone who tries to quote and sell you
life insurance as an "investment." Life insurance should be purchased
for the protection it will give you.
Term life insurance:
Most consumer advocates feel that term insurance is the best life insurance
buy. Term life insurance is different from "whole life" or
"ordinary life" in that you build up no equity, or cash value. In
term, you pay each year for the cost of life insurance insurance, which
typically increases annually as your chances of being alive the next year
decline. Most term policies are renewable on an annual basis, and some have
level premiums or a decreasing death benefit for a stated period -- one, five or
ten years, or even to a specified age.
Whole life insurance:
Whole, or "ordinary," life insurance is usually sold with a level
premium. In the early years of the policy, the annual premium will be higher
than comparable term insurance. (But because its premiums are level, whole
life's annual premiums may eventually be less than term.)
Whole life policies
build up a cash value that consumers can withdraw or borrow against. There are
many variations of whole life. Premiums may be payable for a specified number
of years on a limited-payment basis. Consumers also may have the option of a
single premium — paying all of the premiums at once with a single lump
sum.
Know the company you
are buying from: You can check the financial stability of any life insurance
company through several reputable national rating companies. Some ratings are
available at public libraries.

Accelerated benefits:
Under varying rules life insurers can issue policies that include the
possibility of accelerated benefits. Under these rules, a consumer suffering
from a terminal illness can opt to receive discounted benefits prior to death.
Shop
around for rates: Term Life insurance
is a competitive marketplace, and much of the competition focuses on price.
Don't hesitate to seek premium quotes from several different companies.
Shop
for your own needs: If term insurance
fits, that's what you should shop for. If you want to lower your premium at all
costs, you may want to consider using a direct writer — a company that
cuts costs by operating without agents. Consider your own convenience, however:
Do you want personal contact with an agent? Or if you buy an annuity, how fast
can you get to your money in case of an emergency? If you are buying whole
life, how fast does your money accumulate? What will the cash value be in one
year? Three years? Ten years?
Update
your coverage as your circumstances change:
Don't be misled by someone who tells you you should buy additional policies for
children as they are born. Children
rarely
have an income and seldom require life insurance. But your situation may change
dramatically from year to year. Review your net worth every few years and
reconsider the prospects your survivors may face if you die.
Don't
let yourself get fast-talked into changes:
Some life insurance policyholders in recent years have fallen victim to a
practice called "twisting" or "churning." Churning occurs
when your coverage is changed only to benefit the seller even though you may
suffer a loss in the process.
Churning often happens
when people with cash-value policies are persuaded to convert their coverage to
another policy, often one with a promise of better benefits. The problem is
that the cash value of the original policy is raided in order to pay for the
new policy.
Luckless consumers may
not realize until years later that the "higher" benefit policy is
actually worth only a fraction of the value of the original policy.
Never
buy a policy you don't understand: If
you are given illustrations or booklets, save that material with your policy.
If your agent or company cannot explain the policy terms to your satisfaction,
shop elsewhere. Make sure you understand the guarantees in your policy (not
just the agent's promises of returns) and the surrender penalties if you choose
to drop the policy at any time. These costs are often hidden in a life
insurance or annuity policy.